- Casi tres millones de euros se destinarán en 2025 a pensiones exparlamentarios y otras ayudas económicas.
- El gasto en 2022 y 2023 fue inferior al presupuesto total asignado, con altos niveles de ejecución.
- Las reformas de 2011 redujeron los beneficios de las pensiones exparlamentarios, aunque algunos mantuvieron sus derechos adquiridos.
El presupuesto de las Cortes Generales para 2025 asigna una partida de 2.966.250 euros para el pago de pensiones exparlamentarios y otras ayudas destinadas a sus cónyuges viudos y descendientes menores de 25 años.
Esta cantidad se ha mantenido constante desde 2022, aunque el gasto total en los años previos no ha llegado a consumir todo el presupuesto asignado.
En 2022 se utilizó el 86,54% del presupuesto, equivalente a 2.567.069,05 euros. En 2023, la ejecución fue del 82%, con un gasto total de 2.442.463,87 euros. Las cifras revelan que el presupuesto asignado a las pensiones de exparlamentarios no se ha agotado por completo, lo que ha desencadenado un debate sobre la eficiencia del sistema.
¿Qué cubre el presupuesto de pensiones exparlamentarios?
La partida destinada a las pensiones exparlamentarios cubre varios aspectos. En 2024, se han reservado 805.258,88 euros específicamente para pagar las pensiones parlamentarias.
Adicionalmente, 215.221,44 euros se han destinado a otras ayudas económicas para este colectivo, y 268.382,64 euros para ayudar a cónyuges viudos y descendientes menores de 25 años.
El régimen de pensiones exparlamentarios fue reformado en 2011 debido a la crisis económica, reduciendo algunos beneficios importantes.
Bajo la presidencia de José Bono, se eliminó el derecho a recibir un complemento de pensión, que antes podían obtener los parlamentarios con al menos siete años de mandato. Sin embargo, quienes ya habían adquirido ese derecho antes de 2011, siguieron recibiendo este beneficio.
Principales cambios en las pensiones exparlamentarios desde 2011
Antes de la reforma, los exparlamentarios que dejaban su cargo sin otra actividad profesional o laboral, y que hubieran cumplido 55 años, podían seguir cotizando en la Seguridad Social hasta completar el periodo necesario para obtener una pensión completa.
Además, aquellos que carecieran de ingresos o patrimonio, podían recibir una ayuda equivalente al 60% de la asignación constitucional hasta cumplir los requisitos para recibir una pensión de jubilación.
Con la reforma de 2011, este derecho fue eliminado para los nuevos parlamentarios, pero 120 exparlamentarios que tenían derechos adquiridos antes de esa fecha todavía reciben pensiones parlamentarias.
Entre los beneficiarios figuran figuras como los socialistas Pablo Castellano y Javier Rojo, así como los “populares” Luis de Grandes y Jaime Ignacio del Burgo.
Debate sobre el uso de los fondos para pensiones exparlamentarios
El debate sobre si seguir destinando casi tres millones de euros a pensiones para exparlamentarios sigue siendo un tema polémico en la política.
Algunos creen que es justo apoyar a quienes dedicaron su vida al servicio público. Otros piensan que estos fondos deberían reasignarse a causas sociales más urgentes.
A pesar de la controversia, las Mesas del Congreso y del Senado continúan aprobando ayudas para exparlamentarios que no cumplen los requisitos de una pensión completa. Estas ayudas requieren una resolución justificada y el apoyo de tres quintos de ambas Cámaras.
El sistema de pensiones exparlamentarios ha sido reformado para reducir costes, pero sigue siendo un tema polémico. Aunque la cantidad asignada en el presupuesto de 2025 se ha mantenido igual que en años anteriores, las reformas de 2011 limitaron los beneficios, y muchos exdiputados conservan importantes derechos adquiridos. El uso eficiente de estos fondos y su pertinencia continuarán siendo objeto de debate.
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